International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Pharmaceutical Sciences
About the Journal International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Pharmaceutical Sciences (IJRAPS) is an international peer reviewed Monthly open access Online journal. The aim of the journal is to increase the impact of research in both academic and industry, with strong emphasis on quality and originality. The journal promotes to publish the articles in the field of Ayurveda, Siddha, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Homeopathy and Allopathy systems of medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Researchers may submit (1). Original Research Articles (2). Review articles (3). Book Reviews (4). Short Communications/ Research Letter (5). Case Report (6). Letter to the Editor/Correspondence. Ayurved Samhita & Siddhanta (Ayurvedic Compendia & Basic Principles), Rachana Sharir (Anatomy), Kriya sharir (Physiology), Dravyaguna Vigyan (Materia Medica & Pharmacology), Rasashastra (Ayurvedic Metals & Minerals/Iatrochemistry) Bhaishajya Kalpana (Pharmaceuticals Science), Agadtantra & Vidhi Vaidyaka (Toxicology & Forensic Medicine), Svasthavritta (Preventive, Social Medicine & Yoga), Roganidana & Vikriti Vigyan (Pathology & Diagnostic Procedure), Kayachikitsa (General Medicine), Manovigyan & Manasroga (Psychiatry), Rasayan & Vajikaran (Rejuvenation & Aphrodisia), Panchakarma (Five Bio-cleansing Procedures), Prasuti & Stri Roga (Gynecology & Obstetrics), Kaumarbhritya-Balaroga (Pediatrics), Shalyatantra (General Surgery), Shalakyatantra (Otorhinolaryngology/ENT & Ophthalmology). Research articles on above the subjects using current scientific knowledge viz., Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Drug Standardization, Quality control, Good Laboratory Practices (GLP), Pharmacology, Preclinical research, Clinical research, Good Clinical Practices (GCP), Pharmacovigilance. Studies on Literary, Basic and Fundamental research, Preventive and Promotive Healthcare, Local Health Traditions, etc. which provide the leads to the original research are also acceptable. Pharmaceutical Sciences Further, studies on Herbal/Natural products in the area of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Drug delivery systems, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical analysis, Herbal/Ayurvedic Pharmacy practice, Bioinformatics and Pharmaceutical biosciences.
Homeopathy as an Adjunct in Resource-Limited Settings for Underserved Communities: Explore the Opportunities, Ethics, and Cost-Effectiveness in Complementary Health Care
In resource-limited settings, providing fair and accessible healthcare services is a real challenge. General medical systems often find it tough to cater to the needs of underserved communities because of issues of lack of infrastructure, equipment, and not enough staff. Homeopathy, a kind of medicine that's affordable, gentle, and focused on the individual, has started to look like a good addition to public health programs. As a low-cost, non-invasive, and patient-focused approach to treatment, it has the potential to complement public health initiatives. This article delves into how homeopathy can play a role in these environments, looking at its benefits, cost-effectiveness, cultural acceptance, and ethical considerations.
Homeopathy, Resource-limited settings, Complementary Medicine, WHO public health, ethics, Cost-Effectiveness, Underserved Communities.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Successful Management of Hyperbilirubinemia with Snehapana and Virechana: A Case Report
Background: Hyperbilirubinemia reflects impaired bilirubin metabolism, usually due to hepatic dysfunction or bile flow obstruction. Ayurveda considers such conditions to be Pitta-dominant disorders affecting Yakrit and Ranjaka Pitta. Classical Panchakarma therapies such as Snehapana and Virechana are indicated for detoxification and Pitta elimination. Case: A 35-year-old male presented with mild jaundice, fatigue, dark-coloured urine, and a history of asthmatic bronchitis. Laboratory evaluation revealed elevated total (2.5 mg/dL), direct (1.2 mg/dL), and indirect (1.3 mg/dL) bilirubin levels. The patient underwent Snehapana with Indukanta Ghrita followed by Virechana with Trivrit Avaleha. Intervention and Outcome: Samyak Snehana signs were achieved on the fourth day. Virechana produced Madhyama Shuddhi with 13 Vegas. Post-therapy bilirubin values returned to normal limits (total 0.3 mg/dL, direct 0.1 mg/dL, indirect 0.2 mg/dL). The patient reported significant improvement in jaundice, breathing difficulty, and fatigue. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the potential efficacy of Ayurvedic Panchakarma -specifically Snehapana and Virechana-in managing hyper-bilirubinemia and improving liver function. Further controlled studies are warranted.
Hyperbilirubinemia, Snehapana, Virechana, Indukanta Ghrita.
Homeopathy, Resource-limited settings, Complementary Medicine, WHO public health, Ethics, Cost-Effectiveness, Underserved Communities.
Ayurvedic Insights into Agni and GI System
The concept of the gastrointestinal (GI) system has been extensively discussed in classical Ayurvedic literature. Ancient texts such as the Atreya Samhita, as cited in Vaidyaka-Shabda Sindhu, provide detailed and systematic anatomical and physiological descriptions of the gastrointestinal tract. In Ayurveda, various terminologies such as Mahasrotas, Annavaha Srotas, and Kostha are employed to describe different dimensions of the GI system. Among them, the Annavaha Srotas refers specifically to the channels involved in the transportation and transformation of consumed food. These Srotasas not only serve as physical pathways but also represent the functional systems involved in digestion, absorption, and the formation of Rasa Dhatu, the primary nourishing fluid of the body. According to Sushruta, the Amashaya (stomach) is a critical component of the GI tract, while Charaka extends this understanding by including both the stomach and small intestine. The Annavaha Srotas encompasses the organs and processes related to both mechanical and enzymatic digestion, beginning in the oral cavity and continuing through the stomach and small intestine. It also plays a crucial role in nutrient absorption, leading to the formation of Rasa Dhatu, the first of the seven Dhatus (bodily tissues). Central to this process are components such as Agni (digestive fire), Pitta, and Grahani, all of which collectively regulate proper digestion and metabolism. This article aims to explore the Ayurvedic view of the GI system by analyzing the role of Annavaha Srotas and the physiological concept of Agni in the transformation and assimilation of food.
Mahasrotas, Annavaha Srotas, Kostha, Rasa Dhatu, Amashaya, Grahani.
Correlation Between Awasthapaka and Metabolism: An Ayurvedic and Modern Perspective
This review article comprehensively explores the intricate correlation between Awasthapaka, the Ayurvedic concept of digestive stages, and the broader physiological processes of metabolism. Rooted in classical Ayurvedic texts, Awasthapaka describes the sequential transformation of ingested food (Ahara) through three distinct phases: Madhura, Amla, and Katu. These stages are intrinsically linked to the dynamic interplay of Agni (digestive fire), which encompasses Jatharagni (gastrointestinal digestion), Bhutagni (elemental metabolism), and Dhatvagni (tissue-level metabolism). The report delineates the physiological mechanisms of each Awasthapaka stage, correlating them with modern scientific understanding of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism.
Awasthapaka, Metabolism, Agni, Digestion, Pachana.
Bridging the Gap: A Review of Ayurvedic Principles and Therapies for Integration into Contemporary Wound Care
particularly in the face of rising antimicrobial resistance. While modern wound care employs evidence-based strategies such as debridement, infection control, and advanced dressings, challenges persist-especially in resource-limited settings. Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, offers a time-tested, holistic approach to wound management (“Vrana Chikitsa”), emphasizing individualized care and natural remedies. This review examines the potential for integrating Ayurvedic wound healing practices with contemporary medical approaches. Ayurvedic herbal formulations like honey, ghee, turmeric, Triphala, neem, and guggul exhibit scientifically validated antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and regenerative properties. Conceptual overlaps-such as between “Dushta Vrana” and chronic wounds-demonstrate a shared understanding of pathophysiology and the importance of systemic factors in healing. Although challenges remain, including standardization, regulatory acceptance, and the need for robust clinical trials, integration offers promising opportunities. These include low-cost, accessible care, reduced dependence on antibiotics, and personalized treatment through Ayurveda’s Prakriti-based approach. A collaborative, evidence-driven model combining both systems can lead to more effective, holistic, and sustainable wound care solutions.
Ayurvedic wound care. Vrana Chikitsa. Integrative medicine. Chronic wound.
Clinical Evaluation of an Herbal-Probiotic Nutraceutical Supplement in Improving Symptoms of Yakrut Vikaara, Kaamala, and Pleeha Roha: A Pilot Clinical Study
The liver, as the body’s primary detoxification organ, is highly vulnerable to toxins such as heavy metals, pesticides, industrial chemicals, and alcohol. These substances can cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver cell damage, potentially leading to fatty liver disease like the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, or liver cancer. Environmental pollutants from air and water further contribute to liver dysfunction by overwhelming detoxification pathways and promoting chronic metabolic disturbances. Herbal and probiotic-based nutraceuticals have shown promise in supporting detoxification and improving digestive health. This pilot study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a novel nutraceutical supplement formulated with six herbs and a probiotic in patients with liver disorders, hepatitis, and spleen-related disorders exceeding 30% of the population in Salem city, India. Methods: In a Phase I, single-centre, open-label clinical trial, 10 patients (40% female, 60% male) diagnosed with liver and spleen disorders presenting symptoms including excessive tiredness, shortness of breath, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain, fatigue, and bloating were administered the supplement. Symptom improvement was assessed over the study period. Results: The nutraceutical demonstrated a high level of tolerability among participants, with no significant adverse effects reported. Notably, 80% of the patients experienced noticeable improvements across a broad range of symptoms. These positive outcomes suggest that the product may offer beneficial effects in several key areas, including the body’s natural detoxification processes, digestive function, and the maintenance of overall health and well-being. These findings highlight the potential of the nutraceutical as a supportive supplement for individuals seeking to enhance their physiological balance and general vitality. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that the six-herb probiotic nutraceutical supplement may offer symptomatic relief and support detoxification in patients with liver and spleen disorders. Larger, controlled studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Liver disorders, NAFLD, Spleen disorders, Nutraceutical, Herbal supplement, Probiotic, Detoxification, Symptom improvement.
Fruits, Vegetables & Food Supplements with Antihyperlipidaemic Effect-A Narrative Review
Because of the rapidly changing food habits and life style, the number of people living with hyperlipidaemia is continuously increasing worldwide. Hyperlipidaemia is strongly associated with increased risk of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). The role of diet can never be undermined while planning management of disorders related to life style. Dietary interventions have been found effective in treating hyperlipidaemia either alone or along with standard medical therapy. Fruits, vegetables and selected food supplements rich in fibres remain an integral part of healthy diet plan. Since they contain dietary fibres, they are beneficial in improving lipid profile, lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients, weight control and augmenting insulin sensitivity. The present narrative review aims at identifying common items from each category which are easily available, economical and effective to manage hyperlipidaemia.
Fruits, Vegetables, Dietary supplements, Hyperlipidaemia, Management.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Surari Churna - Ayurvedic Medicine for Alcohol Dependency Syndrome
Ayurveda is the most ancient Indian system of medicine among them Ayurvedic churnas are the most popular medicine used worldwide used to treat many diseases. One such Churna among Ayurvedic medicine is Surari churna used as medicine for alcohol de- addiction. Used to treat alcohol dependency syndrome. This medication is available in pale yellow color with smooth texture. The formulation ingredients used in this medication are Soya, Vidarikand, Jyotishmati, Haritaki, Bhibhitaki, Amalaki. The formulation ingredients which are used mainly focusses on liver detoxification, Reduction of oxidative stress, Anti- oxidant effect which mainly used in the treatment of alcohol dependency syndrome, anxiety disorders. The side effects include nausea, vomiting, headache, loss of muscle strength, if the alcohol is administered after the administration of medication. Surari churna is available in sachets, each sachet contains 2.25gm of the herbal medicine and contains many nutritional benefits such as proteins, vitamins hence used to treat many disorders. No contraindications and interactions are associated with this herbal medicine as it contains pure herbs which are obtained from the nature and used in treatment of many disorders. A clinical presentation of a person is shown with decrease in symptoms and eradication of the disorder after the usage of Surari churna for about 20 days.
Surari churna, Haritaki, Bhibhitaki, jyotishmati, vidarikand, Dependency syndrome
A Clinical Case Study on Dyshidrotic eczema (Pompholyx) w.s.r to Vicharchika
Skin is considered to be the largest organ in human body and in Ayurveda, it is considered responsible for ‘Sparsh gyan’ or touch sensation. Skin is a barrier which prevents against any mechanical stimuli to enter the body. In paediatrics, skin care and skin related problems are much way common than adults and are often unexplained. Due to current scenario of food habits, cosmetics etc. a child suffers from diverse skin ailments at a very early stage of life. Amongst all skin diseases, Dyshidrotic Eczema (Vicharchika) being the most common and which is usually caused due to vitiated Pitta dosha according to Ayurveda. These vitiated Pitta dosha causes Pompholyx, which is a type of Eczema where intense itchy blisters develops on the edges of finger, palm, toes & soles of feet also commonly coined as Hand & Foot Dermatitis.. It may be both acute & chronic mostly affecting teenage & early adult age group. In this present case, a 9 year old female patient, who presented with the chief complaint of rashes over palm & soles bilaterally associated with severe itching & mild oozing wounds. She was treated with Ayurvedic medicines and followed by proper ahara vihar and recovered completely.
Core Concept of Ayurveda for Longevity of Healthy Life
Ayurveda is our ancient line of treatment, which is followed from many years ago. It contains the information from the Birth to Death of human being health itself. Give knowledge about the living pattern of human being and also give information about the treatment of various diseases at that time to survival of human being. From which we are able to decode half of the knowledge given by our ancient masters / Acharyas. Many searches for the same are going on too. Our ancestors at that time lived healthy and disease free life without having any machines and instruments which we are using now days. They give importance to each phase of life and also give the information to take care of their health at every phase of life from the mother womb to death of the individual. Here is summary about how we can follow their footstep so that we make sure that our coming generation and present generation live healthy and disease free life. Sanskaras that we used to follow at that time and also how we can manifest them in today life also, such as Jatkarma, Karnavedana, Achara rasayana, Ritucharya. By just following these thumb rule one can attain healthy life easily.
Pre Conception Care, Ritucharya, Ahara vidhi visheshayatan etc.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Clinical Study of Kanchanara Patra Phanta in Management of Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder. Primary Hypothyroidism is up to 8–9 times more common in women than in men, and the prevalence increases with age, with a peak incidence between the ages of 30 and 50 years. According to Ayurveda, this disease is termed as Galaganda. Acharya Sushrutha opines that a swelling in the neck, big or small hanging-like scrotum is defined as Galaganda; this disease, is characterized by vitiation of Agni along with Kapha and Vata dosha. Various Shodhana and Shamana chikitsa have been mentioned for Galaganda. Kanchanara (Bauhinia purpurea Linn) is one such drug mentioned for the treatment of Galaganda by Acharya Bhavaprakasha. As there is an ambiguity about effective and successful treatment for Hypothyroidism due to its varying signs and symptoms, it necessitates finding an effective formulation for treating Galaganda (Hypothyroidism). Aim: To assess the efficacy of Kanchanara patra phanta in Hypothyroidism. Materials and methods: This study was a randomized, open labeled, non-controlled, interventional clinical trial with before and after evaluation of data in a single group. A single group of 30 study samples was recruited based on the assessment criteria and study was conducted for a total of 30 days period; Assessment of the condition was done with regular follow-ups of day 1, 15 and 30. Conclusion: 30 days (twice daily) of internal administration of Kanchanara patra phanta showed highly significant efficacy in pacifying the symptoms and reducing the levels of TSH.
Kanchanara patra phanta, Galaganda, Hypothyroidism.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Ayurveda for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A successful case report
Among women of reproductive age, poly Cystic Ovarian disease (PCOD) is the most common observed endocrinopathy resulting from insulin resistance and the compensatory hyperinsulinemia, alteration in serum lipids, anovulation which produces complaints like abnormal uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea and even causes disturbance in conception. Ayurveda correlates PCOD with Aarthava Kshaya. A female patient of age 40 years reported to Ayushakti Ayurved Private Ltd on 12th Sep 2024 with complaints of irregular bleeding and pain during menses since 6-8 months and with Ultrasonography report as well defined right ovarian complex cyst of size 4.2* 3.3*4 cm with multiple septations and volume of 30 cc, well bulky nature. She was clinically examined and advised treatment of Tablet Granthihara, Uritone, Metaboost, Immuno and Tablet Virechana. After 3 months follow up she has complete remission in complaints and complete regression in cyst. The results revealed the treatment given wisely by following Ayurveda principles, helps in successful cured of PCOD.
Ayurveda, Dysmenorrhea, PCOD, Tablet Granthihara, Virechana.
Customizing AI with Nidan Panchak: A Thematic Review
Rog Nidan evum Vikriti Vigyan (Ayurvedic Diagnostics) is about diagnosing diseases using ancient methods. It focuses on understanding how diseases develop and the factors that cause them. "Nidana" refers to the causes of diseases, and "Vikriti" refers to the abnormal conditions of Dosha, Dushya, and Mala. Understanding these helps in diagnosing diseases. Diagnosing disease has been impacted by contemporary knowledge year after year. Today, technology, especially Artificial Intelligence (AI), is changing how we diagnose and understand diseases. AI improves how we collect and do the analysis of patient’s data, detect diseases in the early stage, and monitor patients. Researchers are looking into how AI can enhance the diagnostic process in a meaningful manner and create better treatment plans using techniques like Machine Learning and Deep Learning while mixing it with Ayurveda. This paper discusses the different stages of Ayurvedic diagnostics where AI can be helpful and explores current research in this field.
: Rog Nidan, AI, Artificial Intelligence, Computerized Diagnosis
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Role of Malavrodh in Gut Health: An Ayurvedic Perspective
Malavrodh, an Ayurvedic term for the obstruction of bodily waste elimination, plays a crucial role in gut health. In Ayurveda, the proper elimination of waste products or ‘Malas’ is vital for maintaining homeostasis and overall well-being. Malavrodh particularly involving the digestive system, can lead to significant health issues, emphasizing the need for understanding its impact on gut health. Ayurveda identifies 3 primary wastes: feces (Purisha), urine (Mutra), sweat (Sweda). Proper excretion of these wastes is essential for the body's balance. Malavrodh in the gastrointestinal tract primarily involves the obstruction of feces leading to conditions such as constipation and incomplete evacuation. Factors contributing to Malavrodh include dietary imbalances, lack of physical activity, stress, and disturbances in the Doshas (Vata, Pitta and Kapha). Malavrodh has a direct and profound impact on gut health. Chronic constipation and incomplete bowel movements can result in the accumulation of toxins (Ama) in the digestive tract. Symptoms of gut-related Malavrodh include infrequent bowel movements, hard stools, straining during defecation, and a sense of incomplete evacuation. These symptoms not only cause physical discomfort but also affect the individual's quality of life and overall health. In Ayurveda, diagnosing Malavrodh involves evaluating the patient's dietary habits, lifestyle, stress levels Dosha imbalances. Treatment focuses on restoring proper bowel movements through dietary modifications, herbal remedies, lifestyle changes, and detoxification procedures such as Panchakarma. Common Ayurvedic treatments include the use of Triphala, a combination of 3 fruits known for their laxative properties and lifestyle practices such as regular physical activity and stress management techniques. Malavrodh significantly affects gut health by disrupting normal waste elimination and leading to the accumulation of toxins in the digestive tract. Understanding and addressing Malavrodh through Ayurvedic principles can help restore gut health, improve digestion and prevent gastrointestinal disorders.
Malavrodh, Ayurveda, Gut health, Constipation, Ama, Dosha, Triphala, Panchakarma, Digestive health.
Exploring the Efficacy of Nasya Therapy in the Management of Nidranash (Insomnia): An Ayurvedic Perspective
This study explores the efficacy of Nasya therapy in the management of Nidranash (insomnia) from an Ayurvedic perspective. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, significantly impacts the quality of life and overall health. Conventional treatments often involve pharmacological interventions that can lead to dependency and adverse effects. Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine, offers alternative approaches, with Nasya therapy being one of the prominent treatments for Nidranash. Nasya involves the administration of herbal oils or medicinal substances through the nasal passages, targeting the central nervous system and promoting relaxation and sleep. This paper reviews the principles of Nasya therapy, the herbal formulations used, and the underlying mechanisms contributing to its effectiveness. Clinical evidence and case studies are examined to assess the outcomes and benefits of Nasya in treating insomnia. The findings suggest that Nasya therapy, with its holistic approach and minimal side effects, presents a viable and effective treatment for insomnia, aligning with the Ayurvedic philosophy of restoring balance and harmony within the body. Further research and clinical trials are recommended to substantiate these findings and integrate Nasya therapy into mainstream insomnia management protocols.
Nasya therapy, Nidranash, Insomnia, Sleep disorders, Ayurvedic medicine, Holistic health, Herbal formulations, Nervous system, Stress reduction, Sleep quality.
Standardization of Herbal Drugs: Vacha (Acorus Calamus Linn.) and Dvipantara Vacha/Chopchini/China Root (Smilax China Linn.) with their In-Vitro Antimicrobial Potential
Ayurveda is a part of the "science of life," which is the study of traditional medicinal plants that are used and found worldwide to treat and prevent various illnesses. There is increasing awareness and general acceptability of the use of herbal drugs in today’s modern practice. Around 80% of the world's population relies on herbal treatments and products for health, despite their unconventional uses. This growth in the usage; abuse and adulteration of herbal products has also resulted in consumers and manufacturers being disappointed, and in extreme cases, the repercussions are lethal. Standardization of herbal medicines is the process to ensure the efficacy and safety of medicinal plants. Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn.) and Dvipantara vacha/ Chopchini/ China root (Smilax china Linn.) are among the four varieties of Bhavaprakash Nighantu. Both drugs are used in disorders like epilepsy. Plants contain a huge diversity of chemical compounds known as secondary metabolites. This study investigates the phytochemicals and in-vitro antimicrobial potential of Vacha and Dvipantara vacha; particularly focusing on their antibacterial and antifungal activities against specified bacteria and fungi namely Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.
Vacha, Acorus calamus linn., Dvipantara vacha, Chopchini, China, Smilax china linn., Medicinal plants, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Antimicrobial property.
Evaluation of Anti-Ulcer Activity of Godhuma Yusha Against Experimentally Induced Ulcers in Rats
Present study was an animal experimental study involving albino rats on whom peptic ulcer was induced and treated the same with the Godhuma Yusha or the wheat decoction to evaluate its role on the anti-ulcer activity. The plant material used for the study such as wheat grains were collected from the local farmers, shade dried and made into granules or powdered coarsely. Aqueous extract or the Godhuma Yusa was prepared by decoction method by adding the coarse powder of 100ml of drinking water and was boiled for 15 minutes. After cooling the supernatant was used to study the anti-ulcer activity. Healthy albino rats of wistar strain of either sex about 180–200mg used for the study were purchased and were caged individually and kept in air-conditioned room. Throughout the study, animals were maintained at normal laboratory conditions, at standard rat pellet diet, drinking water and libitum. Animals were being divided into four groups, consisting of six animals each. Control group (group – I) received 1% CMC (5ml/kg), positive control group (group– II) received 1% CMC (5ml/kg), test drug– 1 (group– III) received herbal suspension (5ml/kg), Test drug – 2 (group – IV) received herbal suspension in 1% CMC (5ml/kg). Total ulcer score, mean ulcer score, ulcer index, ulcer incidence were assessed before and after the intervention. The results were analysed statistically using student’s ‘t’ test and Mann whitney test. The present study showed that the test drug (Godhuma Yusha or the wheat decoction) has significant anti-ulcer activity as evidenced by bio-chemical parameters.
Godhuma, Wheat, Yusha, Ulcer, Anti-ulcer, Rats.
Smart Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Chlorzoxazone and Paracetamol Form Tablets
Two simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods have been introduced for the simultaneous measurement of chlorzoxazone and paracetamol in a combined tablet form. The first method is a graphical spectrophotometric method utilizes the data taken at multiple wavelengths to generate linear plots, from which the concentration of analytes can be determined, the second method is dual wavelength spectrophotometric method which is based on selecting two wavelengths for each drug to ensure that the absorbance difference is zero for the other drug. In the graphical method the absorbance was measured at 240, 260, 280 and 300 nm, while in the dual wavelength method; 224.5 nm and 264 nm were chosen for chlorzoxazone determination since paracetamol shows equal absorbance at these wavelengths. Conversely, for paracetamol determination, wavelengths 234.5 nm and 273.5 nm were selected, with chlorzoxazone having zero absorbance difference at these wavelengths. Both drugs adhere to Beer-Lambert’s law within a concentration range of 4–20 µg/mL. The methods accuracy and precision were assessed following the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Recovery studies further validated the method's accuracy. The precision of the method was demonstrated by low relative standard deviations (% RSD) less than 2%, indicating good repeatability and intermediate precision. Method accuracy was confirmed by the agreement between the determined and actual contents, also with % RSD less than 2%. The two methods enable direct analysis of chlorzoxazone and paracetamol in commercially available tablet formulations without the need for prior separation.
Chlorzoxazone, Paracetamol, Spectrophotometr, Dual Wavelength method.
Evaluation of Male Reproductive Component in Ayurveda with its Applied Aspect
The reproductive system of the male includes penis, testes, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, and accessory glandular structures like seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbo-urethral gland, and scrotum. In Ayurveda above components are highlighted with the following words Vrishana, Muska, Sukra vaha srotas, Sukra dhara kala, etc. Even for a single structure various terminologies are mentioned in classics. For example concerning penis, Medhra, Mehana, Upastha, Sepha, Dhwaja, Pausendriya and Linga are mentioned. All the structures are studied according to their contexts and interpreted accordingly with the most relevant components of the male reproductive system. They are differentiated from one another to establish the morphophysiological aspects. Morphological description measuring 10 Angula found for Medhra and 6 Angula for Sepha which represent length of the urethra and penis respectively. “Vrishanayo ando” here it is oval in shape specifically highlighting the shape of testis. Virya vahi sira can be understood with the histological aspects such as seminiferous tubules, reti testis and epididymis. Sukradhara kala is the epithelial lining of entire structures. Vas deferens can be understood with Muska Srota, Phala srota, Sukra vahini, Sukra vaha and Sukra vaha srotas. Seminal vesicle which contains 65-70% of seminal fluid can be taken as Sukrasaya. The present work emphasizing male reproductive components in Ayurveda with different structures are evaluated in different context some time highlighting the morphological, functional, histological, and applied aspects.
Male Reproductive components, Morphology, Histology, Applied Aspect, Ayurveda.
Critical Review of Ayurvedic Herbs in Treatment of Gynecological Problems
Joint pain is a common complaint among the elderly. The 62 year-old male patient in this case study has osteoarthritis in his knee joint and has been enrolled in an Ayurvedic program for treatment. A type of Vatavyadhi called Janusandhigatavata is described in Ayurveda and is almost identical to osteoarthritis of the knee joint. In this case study, the impact of Janubasti combined with Mahanarayanataila and Dashmoolakwathnadi-Swedana is evaluated. The patient has been advised to have two therapy sessions, each lasting six days, with a six-day break in between. According to the study, there has been a noticeable improvement in subjective parameters such as joint pain, Sandhi shoola, and pain during flexion and extension of the joint in Vatapurnadritisparsa, Prasaranakkunchana pravritisavedana. Following the study, Sandhi Shotha (joint swelling) is totally resolved.
Reproductive health, Ayurvedic herbs, Aloe vera, Kanchanar, Shatavri.
EFFECT OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS FROM FICUS RETUSA L. STEM BARK ON WOUND HEALING POTENTIAL
A wound is defined as a disruption in the physiological continuity and structural integrity of a living tissue. It can be caused by physical, chemical, thermal, microbiological, or immunological damage to the tissue. Plants have enormous potential for wound surveillance and care. In many nations, ancient and traditional medicine employs a wide range of herbs to heal wounds. These common agents promote healing and regeneration of the damaged tissue in a variety of ways. The acetone and ethanolic extracts of Ficus retusa stem bark have been taken to evaluate the wound healing potential in excision and incision wound models. The parameters studied include the rate of wound contraction, period of complete epithelialization of the excision model, and tensile strength of the incision wound. A one-way ANOVA test was used to analyze the results obtained from the present study and p<0.05 was considered significant. Both acetone and ethanolic extracts of F. retusa were found to possess significant wound-healing activity, which was evidenced by a decrease in the period of epithelialization, an increase in the rate of wound contraction, and skin-breaking strength. The present study has demonstrated that the acetone and ethanolic extracts of F. retusa have properties that render them capable of promoting accelerated wound-healing activity compared with standard drug and normal control.
Ficus retusa, Wound healing, Incision and Excision, Povidone iodine.
A critical Review of Aalochak Pitta with Special Reference to Padabhyanga
Doshas are Sort to be specific Vata, Pitta and Kapha. Sushruta called it as Tristhuna (like house depends on points of support (Sthuna)) Similar way body depends on this Tristhuna. Pitta addresses energy intensity or fire in body and also performs activities like fire in body. Pitta has Agni Mahabhuta and Pitta in body which is situated in the structure of Agni is liable for assimilation and digestion of ingested food. Aalochak Pitta helps in great vision and it implies the Pitta which is answerable to the vision. Drishti or vision is seat of Aalochak Pitta. Drishti implies vision which empowers us to see things around us. There are two types of Aalochak Pitta they are Chakshu Vaisheshik Aalochak Pitta and Budhhi Vaisheshik Aalochak Pitta. Padabhyanga is the name for massaging and applying oil to the feet. Padabhyanga (foot massage) is one of the parts of Dinacharya. According to Charak and Vagbhat Padabhyanga is Drishtiprasadak and According to Sushruta it is Chakshushya. Padabhyanga can be done with Ghrita and Taila. The reflexology point of eye are situated on under sides of second and third toes of foot this maintain the eye health. Padabhyanga might be nourishing or stimulation effect on eyes and improving function of eyes. Ashtang Hridaya identifies 4 major nerves in feet that connect to eyes. These nerves in maintaining good eyesight and relieve eyestrain when subjected to soothing therapies like Padabhyanga. Hence the therapy on Pada effects on Netra. Here is an attempt to study the effect of Padabhyanga on Aalochak Pitta.
Aalochak Pitta, Padabhyanga, Drishtiprasadak, Chakshushya, Vision.
Laparoscopy Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pet Animals
Laparoscopy and minimally invasive surgery have become increasingly popular in veterinary medicine as they offer numerous benefits over traditional surgical techniques. This paper provides an overview of the basic principles of laparoscopy, the equipment and surgical instruments required, anesthesia and patient considerations, insufflation techniques, and specific laparoscopic procedures in veterinary medicine, such as biopsy, cystotomy, enterotomy, cryptorchidectomy, and gastropexy. Methods: Published peer-reviewed reports were used to write this short review paper. Results: The use of laparoscopy is enormously beneficial over open surgery. Published literature suggests using laparoscopy to reduce blood loss. Laparoscopy which is a minimally invasive surgery provide better visualization, less pain and scarring, faster recovery times, and fewer complications than traditional open surgery. Conclusion: The uses of laparoscopy in veterinary medicine are growing and continue to advance, offering new techniques and applications that will benefit both veterinarians and pet owners.
Laparoscopy, Minimally invasive, Pet animals
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Pharmaceutical Sciences
A Single Case Study on the Management of Vipadika
Kushtha is an encompassing phrase that refers to all skin conditions mentioned in Ayurvedic writings. One of the illnesses covered under the category of Kshudra Kushtha is Vipadika. It is distinguished by Teevra vedana (with excruciating agony) and Pani-pada Sphutan (fissure in the palms and soles). The individual is impacted as a result of erratic eating habits, stressed lifestyle. Its manifestation is mostly caused by vitiation of Vata, Kapha, and Pitta/Rakta. In this case, the patient has been complaining for six months about discomfort and bleeding along with the dryness, scaling, itching, and cracking of both hands. Vipadika patients experience higher negative effects on their personal and social lives because they have severe difficulties with daily tasks, mobility issues, and self-care challenges.
Kushtha, Vipadika, Ayurveda, Shaman Chikitsa.
CLINICO-ANATOMICAL ASEPCTS OF AARTAVA AAGNEYATVYA WITH REFERENCE TO POST MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS
Menopause means permanent cessation of menstruation at the end of reproductive life due to the loss of ovarian follicular activity. Due to increased life expectancy about 1/3rd of life span of the female will be spent during the period of estrogen deprivation stage with long term symptomatic and metabolic complications. According to Ayurveda menstruation starts from 12 years of the age and ends at the age of 45 years and structure is termed as Aartava. This Aartava is Agni Guna Dominant. In this article focus is on various Clinico-anatomical aspects of Post Menopausal Symptoms with respect to Aagneyatvya of Aartava Keywords:- Aartava, Agni, Menopause.
Clinical Study of Nelamuchchala (Gymnostychum Fibrifugum Benth) in Jwara w.s.r. to Taruna Jwara (Acute Fever) - Folklore Drug
The herb locally known as Nelamuchchala (Gymnostachum febrifugum Benth) belongs to Acanthaceae family, commonly available in Western Ghats of Karnataka state. It is traditionally used as a remedy in fever, cough, stomatitis, ulcers and menorrhagia. Ayurveda has many formulations for Taruna Jwara. But also select the single drug which is simple, easy and convenient for the patient in present study. For clinical study 40 patient were selected, fulfilling the selection criteria and were randomly divided into 2 groups A and B, irrespective of age, sex, and religion. Group A was treated by root decoction of Nelamuchchala, 50ml thrice a day and Group B by paracetamol tablet 500mg thrice a day for a period of 3 days followed up 7th day. Overall effect of treatment in group A shows 50% marked improvement, 40% moderate improvement and 10% mild effect. Group B shows 45% of marked improvement seen and 55% of moderate improvement in paracetomol. Results of the both the groups were shows statistically significant in temperature, head ache, body ache, irritability. But it was observed that Nelamuchchala decoction (Kwata) proved more efficient than paracetamol tablet. Both the group’s results were statistically significant. The present study proves that the trail drug is effective remedy for Taruna Jwara.
Nelamuchchala, Paracetamol, Taruna Jwara.
Analysis of Prakriti in Ayurvedic Classical Texts
Prakriti is an integral part of Ayurveda, which is an eternal science based on absolute principles. It is essential for the selection and formation of all factors for which a person will interact from conception to death, such as lifestyle, diet, etc. It represents the character of the body in relation to the Dosha and is determined at the moment of conception based on the predominant Dosha. This character does not change throughout a person's lifetime and is responsible for their physical and mental attributes. Tridosha says there are seven types of Prakriti. People with certain Prakriti have different bodies in terms of how they work, how they act, how they react to things in their environment, how likely they are to get diseases, and so on. Prakriti identifies how an individual reacts to environmental conditions, lifestyle changes, and drugs, and how susceptible they are to different diseases. It's one of the first ideas in preventive and personalized (or genomic) medicine. To figure out how susceptible an individual is to different diseases, what drugs to use, how much to take, how the drug reacts to the body, how the disease will progress, and how to prevent it, first Prakriti is done, then Vikriti is done. Prakriti focuses on uniqueness and plays a big role in preventing and curing diseases, as well as keeping you healthy throughout your life. Analysis of the concept of Prakriti is made to find out through this paper.
An Overview of Patients Visited at Department of Stri-Roga and Prasuti Tantra at District Ayurveda Health Center Kathmandu
District Ayurveda Health Center, located in Sinamangal, deals with different branches such as Stri Prasuti, Kayachikitsa, Panchakarma, Physiotherapy, Acupuncture, and Acupressure. The majority of the patients who visited DAHC were females. In this retrospective analysis, Gynec patients who underwent treatment from Shrawan 2079 to Ashad 2080 were studied. Objective: The major objective of this study was to determine the treated disease pattern and the frequency of gynec patients who benefited from treatments and services provided in the OPD of DAHC. Material and methods: The study was analytically retrospective in nature, where an analysis of registered patient case records of Stri roga and Prasuti roga from the OPD of DAHC during the period 079-080 B.S. was conducted. Result: Despite a good number of patients visiting the OPD of DAHC and patients with different gynecological diseases being treated with Ayurvedic medications, Sthanika chikitsa (local in situ procedures), Beejasanskara (pre-conceptional care), Garbhasansakara (antenatal care), and Sutika (post-natal care), there is a lack of good publicity and awareness in the general population about the wide range of treatments available for various diseases at DAHC. The follow-up cases were also good. Conclusion: The study showed that DAHC provided services for various gynecological diseases, Sthanika chikitsa (local in situ procedures), Beejasanskara (pre-conceptional care), Garbhasansakara (antenatal care), and Sutika (post-natal care) facilities, benefiting females. Hence, improving the services and conducting awareness programs can provide better Ayurvedic health services to many needy people at the district level.
Stri and prasuti, Beejasanskara, Garbhsanskara, Sthanika Chikitsa, Retrospective analysis.
Study of Trataka Yoga Kriya on Health in Trisutra Ayurveda
We have come a long way in almost every field of life. Things that were once thought to be impossible for us are now possible for us. Scientists and researchers have changed the way we live. But pollution of air and water, body and mind are also a result of science. With the progress of civilization, mankind is getting weaker every day. Industrialization, diet, exercise, and the nature of work sitting for hours in front of the computer, always in the car, and lack of exercise have led to many diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, obesity, etc. Routine health issues like constipation, stomach issues, gas, eye burning, sinus issues, headaches, and so on, need to be treated in a way that works for them. You can't just take medicines for these things every day. You need to give your body some physical training to show it how effective it is. This is done through the practice of something called 'Shatkarma', which can bring good results if you do it forever. It's all about body cleansing, and the six purification techniques are really important for both physical and mental health. These simple techniques are also really useful for treating internal disorders, which is what this paper is all about.